Genus: Aspidelaps, shield-nosed cobras
Aspidelaps lubricus* South African coral snake (N Africa)
-- A. lubricus cowlesi (SW Angola and NW Namibia)
-- A. lubricus infuscatus (C Namibia)
-- A. lubricus lubricus South African coral snake (RSA and S Namibia)
Aspidelaps scutatus* Intermediate shield-nose snake (N Africa)
-- A. scutatus intermedius (RSA)
-- A. scutatus fulafula (SE Zimbabwe and S Mozambique)
-- A. scutatus scutatus, syn. A. scutatus bachrani Intermediate shield-nose snake (RSA,
Botswana, SW Zimbabwe, Namibia)
Genus: Boulengerina, water cobras
Boulengerina annulata*** Ringed water cobra
-- B. annulata annulata (E Cameroon, Gabon, DRC, Congo-Brazzaville)
-- B. annulata stormsi (sides of the Lake Tanganyika)
Boulengerina christyi*** Christy’s water cobra (N Congo-Brazzaville, W DRC, probably
inc. NW Angola)
Genus: Bungarus, kraits
Bungarus andamanensis*** South Andaman krait (the Andaman Islands)
Bungarus bungaroides*** Northeastern Hill krait (India and N Burma)
Bungarus caeruleus*** Indian krait (Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka)
Bungarus candidus*** Blue krait (Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Celebes)
Bungarus ceylonicus*** Ceylon krait (Sri Lanka)
Bungarus fasciatus*** Banded krait (N India, Indonesia, SE Asia)
Bungarus flaviceps*** Red-headed krait (mainland SE Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia)
-- B. flaviceps baluensis (Borneo)
-- B. flaviceps flaviceps (N Thailand, S Burma, S Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Indonesia)
Bungarus javanicus see B. candidus
Bungarus lividus*** Lesser black krait (India)
Bungarus magnimaculatus*** Burmese krait (N Burma)
Bungarus multicinctus*** Many-banded krait (Burma, S China, Taiwan)
-- B. multicinctus multicinctus (N China, Taiwan, Hainan, Hong Kong)
-- B. multicinctus wanghaotingi (Burma, NW Laos, SW China, N Vietnam)
Bungarus niger*** Greater black krait (E Himalayas and Assam)
Bungarus sindanus*** Sind krait
-- B. sindanus razai (E Afghanistan and NW Pakistan)
-- B. sindanus sindanus (N Pakistan and the neighboring part of W India)
-- B. sindanus walli (India)
Bungarus walli see Bungarus sindanus walli
Genus: Calliophis, Oriental coral snakes or Asian coral snakes
Caliophis beddomei* (SW India
Calliophis bibroni* Bibron’s coral snake (India)
Calliophis bivirgata*** Blue Malaysian coral snake
-- C. bivirgatus bivirgatus (Java)
-- C. bivirgatus flaviceps (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Malayan Peninsula, Singapore,
Indonesia)
-- C. bivirgatus tetrataenia (Borneo)
Calliophis calligaster* syn. Hemibungarus calligaster
-- C. calligaster calligaster (the Philippines, Luzon and Mindoro islands)
-- C. calligaster gemiannulis (the Philippines, Cebu, Negros, Panay and Masbate islands)
-- C. calligaster mcclungi (Polillo Island near the Philippines)
Calliophis gracilis* Spotted coral snake (Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore)
Calliophis intestinalis* Banded Malaysian coral snake
-- C. intestinalis bilineata (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis everetti (Borneo - Sabah)
-- C. intestinalis intestinalis (Indonesia)
-- C. intestinalis lineata, syn. C. nigrotaeniata, C. sumatrana (N Thailand, Malayan
Peninsula, Indonesia)
-- C. intestinalis philippina (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis suluensis (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis thepassi (Borneo and E Malaysia)
Calliophis japonicus* see Hemibungarus japonicus Japanese coral snake
Calliophis kellogi* syn. Sinomicrurus kelloggi, see Hemibungarus kellogi
Calliophis macclellandi** Macclelland’s coral snake, syn. Sinomicrurus macclellandi
-- C. macclellandi macclellandi (India, N Burma, S China, Vietnam, Thailand, Hainan)
-- C. macclellandi iwasakii (Japan)
-- C. macclellandi swinhoei (Taiwan)
-- C. macclellandi univirgatus (Nepal and India)
Calliophis maculiceps* Small-spotted coral snake
-- C. maculiceps atrofrontalis (N Vietnam and Cambodia)
-- C. maculiceps hughi (Thailand)
-- C. maculiceps maculiceps Small-spotted coral snake (N Burma, S Thailand, N
Malayan Peninsula)
-- C. maculiceps michaelis (C and S Laos)
-- C. maculiceps smithi (C Thailand)
Calliophis melanurus* Indian coral snake
-- C. melanurus melanurus (N and E India)
-- C. melanurus sinhaleyus (Sri Lanka)
Calliophis nigrescens* Black coral snake (N and W India)
Calliophis sauteri see Hemibungarus japonicus sauteri
Genus: Dendroaspis, mambas
Dendroaspis angusticeps*** Eastern green mamba (Tanzania, Mozambique, RSA)
Dendroaspis jamesoni*** Jameson’s mamba (W and C Equatorial Africa)
-- D. jamesoni jamesoni (Ghana to Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, E DRC,
Angola)
-- D. jamesoni kaimosae (E DRC, Rwanda, Uganda, W Kenya)
Dendroaspis polylepis*** Black mamba (C Africa)
Dendroaspis viridis*** Western green mamba (W Africa, S?o Tom?, probably S Senegal
and Togo)
Genus: Elapsoidea, venomous or African garter snakes
Elapsoidea boulengeri see E. semiannulata boulengeri
Elapsoidea broadleyi* (N Somalia)
Elapsoidea chelazzii* Somali garter snake syn. E. chelazziorum (a type locality near
Afgoi, S Somalia)
Elapsoidea guentherii* (N Congo-Brazzaville, S DRC, N and C Angola, C Zambia, N
and C Zimbabwe)
Elapsoidea laticincta* Werner’s garter snake (N Sudan, Central African Republic, N
Uganda, N DRC to SW Ethiopia)
Elapsoidea loveridgei* Loveridge’s garter snake
-- E. loveridgei colleti (E DRC, SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi)
-- E. loveridgei loveridgei (C and S Kenya, N Tanzania)
-- E. loveridgei multicincta (NE DRC, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, S Ethiopia)
-- E. loveridgei scalaris see E. guentherii
Elapsoidea nigra* Black garter snake (NE Tanzania)
Elapsoidea semiannulata* Angolan garter snake
-- E. semiannulata boulengeri Boulenger’s garter snake (N Tanzania to RSA)
-- E. semiannulata moebiusi (N Mauritania, Senegal to Central African Republic,
Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, DRC)
-- E. semiannulata semiannulata (Angola, SW DRC, NW RSA, W Zambia to N
Namibia)
Elapsoidea sundevalli** Sundevall’s garter snake or African garter snake
-- E. sundevalli decosteri (N Mozambique and NE RSA)
-- E. sundevalli fitzsimonsi (W Botswana, Namibia and the neighboring territory of RSA)
-- E. sundevalli longicauda (SE Zimbabwe, S Mozambique, RSA)
-- E. sundevalli media (RSA)
-- E. sundevalli sundevalli (RSA and Swaziland)
Elapsoidea trapei* (Senegal)
Genus: Hemachatus, cobra
Hemachatus haemachatus*** Rinkhals, ring-necked spitting cobra, or ringhals (N
Africa)
Genus: Hemibungarus, Asian or oriental coral snakes
Hemibungarus calligaster see Calliophis calligaster
Hemibungarus hatori* syn. Sinomicrurus hatori (NE Taiwan)
Hemibungarus japonicus*, syn. Sinomicrurus japonicus, Japanese coral snake, see
Calliophis japonicus
-- H. japonicus boettgeri (Japan)
-- H. japonicus japonicus (Japan)
-- H. japonicus sauteri see H. sauteri
-- H. japonicus takarai (Okinawa)
Hemibungarus kelloggi* Kellogg’s coral snake (N China)
Hemibungarus macclellandi see Calliophis macclellandi
Hemibungarus sauteri* syn. Sinomicrurus sauteri (Taiwan)
Genus: Homoroselaps
Homoroselaps dorsalis* Striped harlequin snake or striped dwarf garter snake (NE RSA
and W Swaziland)
Homoroselaps lacteus* Spotted harlequin snake (N RSA)
Genus: Leptomicrurus (sometimes included in Micrurus genus synonyms)
Leptomicrurus collaris** Guyana blackback coral snake
-- L. collaris breviventris (Venezuela and Guyana)
-- L. collaris collaris (SE Venezuela to French Guyana and the neighboring territory of
Brazil)
Leptomicrurus narduccii** Andean blackback coral snake
-- L. narduccii melanotus (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil)
-- L. narduccii narduccii (Bolivia)
Leptomicrurus renjifoi** (E Colombia)
Leptomicrurus scutiventris** (the border region of SE Colombia, S Venezuela, NW
Brazil and NE Peru)
Genus: Maticora
Maticora beddomei* see Calliophis beddomei
Maticora bivirgatus*** see Calliophis bivirgatus
Maticora intestinalis* see Calliophis intestinalis
Maticora maculiceps* see Calliophis maculiceps
Maticora nigrescens* see Calliophis nigriscens
Genus: Micruroides
Micruroides euryxanthus** Western coral snake
-- M. euryxanthus australis (Mexico)
-- M. euryxanthus euryxanthus (the USA, N Mexico, Tibur?n)
-- M. euryxanthus neglectus (Mexico)
Genus: Micrurus, coral snake
Micrurus albicinctus** (NW Brazil)
Micrurus alleni** Allen’s coral snake (E Nicaragua, Costa Rica to W Panama)
Micrurus altirostris** (Uruguay, NE Argentina, S Brazil)
Micrurus ancoralis** Regal coral snake
-- M. ancoralis ancoralis (SW Colombia and NW Ecuador)
-- M. ancoralis jani (E Panama and Colombia - the Pacific part)
Micrurus annellatus** Annellated coral snake
-- M. annellatus annellatus (SE Ecuador, C and SE Peru)
-- M. annellatus balzani (Peru and W Bolivia)
-- M. annellatus bolivianus (C Bolivia)
Micrurus averyi** Black-headed coral snake (N Guyana, Brazil - the Manaus territory)
Micrurus baliocoryphus** (NE Argentina, between the Paran? and Uruguay rivers)
Micrurus bernardi** (Mexico)
Micrurus bocourti** Ecuadorian coral snake (coastal Ecuador, probably inc. the
neighboring territory of NW Peru)
Micrurus bogerti** Bogert’s coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus brasiliensis** (Brazil)
Micrurus browni** Brown’s coral snake (N Mexico)
-- M. browni browni (N Mexico to W Guatemala mountains)
-- M. browni importunus (Guatemala)
-- M. browni taylori (Mexico)
Micrurus catamayensis** Catamayo coral snake (Ecuador)
Micrurus circinalis** (Trinidad and Gaspare? islands, NE Venezuela)
Micrurus clarki** Clark’s coral snake (N Costa Rica, Panama to W coast of Colombia)
Micrurus corallinus** Painted coral snake (N Brazil, N Argentina, S Paraguay)
Micrurus decoratus** Brazilian coral snake (SE Brazil)
Micrurus diana** (E Bolivia)
Micrurus diastema** Variable coral snake
-- M. diastema affinis (N Mexico)
-- M. diastema aglaeope (NW Honduras)
-- M. diastema alienus (N Mexico - N Yucat?n)
-- M. diastema apiatus (N Mexico and Guatemala)
-- M. diastema bernadi see M. bernardi
-- M. diastema diastema (N Mexico, Belize, N and C Guatemala, NW Honduras)
-- M. diastema macdougalli (N Mexico)
-- M. diastema sapperi (N Mexico, W Guatemala, Belize)
Micrurus dissoleucus** Pygmy coral snake
-- M. dissoleucus dissoleucus (NE Colombia and Venezuela)
-- M. dissoleucus dunni (Panama Canal as far as NW Colombia)
-- M. dissoleucus melanogenys (NE Colombia)
-- M. dissoleucus meridensis see M. meridensis
-- M. dissoleucus nigrirostris (N Colombia)
Micrurus distans** West Mexican coral snake
-- M. distans distans (Mexico)
-- M. distans michoacanensis (Mexico)
-- M. distans oliveri (Mexico)
-- M. distans zweifeli (Mexico)
Micrurus dumerilii**
-- M. dumerilii antoquiensis (Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii carinicauda (Colombia to NW Venezuela)
-- M. dumerilii colombianus (NE Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii dumerili (Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii transandinus (N Panama and W Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii venezuelensis (N Venezuela)
Micrurus elegans** Elegant coral snake
-- M. elegans elegans (Mexico)
-- M. elegans veraepacis (Mexico and Guatemala)
Micrurus ephippifer** Oaxacan coral snake
-- M. ephippifer ephippifer (Mexico - Oaxaca, the Pacific part)
-- M. ephippifer zapotecus (Mexico - Oaxaca)
Micrurus filiformis** Slender coral snake
-- M. filiformis filiformis (Brazil)
-- M. filiformis subtilis (N and SE Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, W Brazil as far as
Manaus)
Micrurus frontalis*** Southern coral snake
-- M. frontalis altirostris see M. altirostris
-- M. frontalis baliocoryphus see M. baliocoryphus
-- M. frontalis brasiliensis see M. brasiliensis
-- M. frontalis diana see M. diana
-- M. frontalis frontalis (N Brazil, S Paraguay and the neighboring areas of NE
Argentina)
-- M. frontalis multicinctus see M. altirostris
-- M. frontalis pyrhocryptus see M. pyrhocryptus pyrhocryptus
-- M. frontalis tricolor see M. pyrhocryptus tricolor
Micrurus frontifasciatus, Bolivian coral snake see M. lemniscatus
Micrurus fulvius** Eastern coral snake
-- M. fulvius fitzingeri see M. tener fitzingeri
-- M. fulvius fulvius (SE USA)
-- M. fulvius maculatus see M. tener maculatus
-- M. fulvius microgalbineus see M. tener microgalbineus
-- M. fulvius tener see M. tener tener
Micrurus hemprichii** Hemprich’s coral snake
-- M. hemprichii hemprichii (E Colombia, S Venezuela to French Guyana and the
neighboring territories of NE Brazil)
-- M. hemprichii ortoni (Colombia, Ecuador, N Peru and the neighboring territory of
Brazil as far as NE Bolivia)
-- M. hemprichii rondonianus (a type locality - Usina hidroelectrica Samuel, a water
power plant, the State of Rondonia, W Brazil)
Micrurus hippocrepis** Mayan coral snake (N Belize and E Guatemala)
Micrurus ibiboboca** Caatinga coral snake (E Brazil, N Surinam, N French Guyana)
Micrurus isozonus** Venezuela coral snake (NE Colombia, N and C Venezuela)
Micrurus langsdorffi** Langsdorff’s coral snake
-- M. langsdorffi langsdorffi (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, Colombia)
-- M. langsdorffi ornatissimus see M. ornatissimus
Micrurus laticollaris** Balsan coral snake
-- M. laticollaris laticollaris (N Mexico - the Balsas River valley)
-- M. laticollaris maculirostris (N Mexico - the states of Colima and Jalisco)
Micrurus latifasciatus** Broad-ringed coral snake (N Mexico and SE Guatemala)
Micrurus lemniscatus*** South American coral snake
-- M. lemniscatus carvalhoi (NE and C Brazil)
-- M. lemniscatus diutius (E and SE Venezuela, Trinidad, C and S Guyana, Surinam,
French Guyana)
-- M. lemniscatus helleri (N Colombia, S Venezuela, NW Brazil, Bolivia)
-- M. lemniscatus lemniscatus (NE Brazil, N Guyana, Surinam)
Micrurus limbatus** Tuxtlan coral snake
-- M. limbatus limbatus (the northern coast of the Mexican state of Veracruz)
-- limbatus spilosomus (Mexico - S Veracruz)
Micrurus margaritiferus** Speckled coral snake (Peru)
Micrurus medemi** (C Colombia)
Micrurus meridensis** (Venezuela)
Micrurus mertensi** Mertens’ coral snake (SW Ecuador and W Peru)
Micrurus mipartitus** Redtail coral snake
-- M. mipartitus anomalus (E Colombia, the neighboring part of NW Venezuela)
-- M. mipartitus decussatus (W and C Colombian Andes, W Ecuador)
-- M. mipartitus mipartitus (E Panama and W Colombia)
-- M. mipartitus popayanensis (Colombia - the Popayan and Cauca regions)
-- M. mipartitus semipartitus see M. mipartitus rozei
-- M. mipartitus rozei (N Venezuela)
Micrurus multifasciatus** Many-banded coral snake
-- M. multifasciatus hertwigi (N Nicaragua to W Panama)
-- M. multifasciatus multifasciatus (C Panama)
Micrurus multiscutatus** Cauca coral snake (Colombia)
Micrurus nebularis** Cloud forest coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus nigrocinctus** Central American coral snake
-- M. nigrocinctus babaspul (Nicaragua)
-- M. nigrocinctus coibensis (Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus divaricatus (N and C Honduras to C Belize)
-- M. nigrocinctus mosquitensis (Costa Rica and NW Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus (W Nicaragua, W Costa Rica, Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus ruatanus see M. ruatanus
-- M. nigrocinctus zunilensis (N Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, S Honduras)
Micrurus oligoannelatus** (Colombia - Cauca region)
Micrurus ornatissimus** (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus pachecogili** (C Mexico)
Micrurus paraensis** (NE and C Brazil)
Micrurus ornatissimus** (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus peruvianus** Peruvian coral snake (Peru)
Micrurus petersi** Peters’ coral snake (Ecuador)
Micrurus proximans** Nayarit coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus psyches** Carib coral snake
-- M. psyches circinalis see M. circinalis
-- M. psyches donosoi see M. paraensis
-- M. psyches medemi see M. medemi
-- M. psyches paraensis see M. paraensis
-- M. psyches psyches (SE Colombia to French Guyana)
-- M. psyches remotus see M. remotus
Micrurus putumayensis** Putumayo coral snake (SE Colombia, NE Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus pyrhocryptus**
-- M. pyrhocryptus pyrhocryptus (Brazil, W and SW Bolivia, the neighboring part of
Paraguay, N Argentina)
-- M. pyrhocryptus tricolor (Brazil and E Paraguay)
Mircurus remotus** (the border regions of Venezuela, Brazil, and Colombia)
Micrurus rondonianus see M. hemprichii rondonianus
Micrurus ruatanus** Roatan coral snake (Honduras)
Micrurus sangilensis** Santander coral snake (N Colombia)
Micrurus serranus** (Bolivia)
Micrurus spixii** Amazon coral snake
-- M. spixii martiusi (E Brazil)
-- M. spixii obscurus (E Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, S Venezuela, NW Brazil to
Bolivia)
-- M. spixii princeps (NW and C Bolivia)
-- M. spixii spixii (Brazil)
Micrurus spurrelli** (W and C Colombia)
Micrurus steindachneri** Steindachner’s coral snake
-- M. steindachneri orcesi (C Ecuador)
-- M. steindachneri steindachneri (SE Ecuador)
Micrurus stewarti** Panamanian coral snake (Panama)
Micrurus stuarti** Stuart’s coral snake (SW Guatemala)
Micrurus surinamensis*** Aquatic coral snake
-- M. surinamensis nattereri (E Colombia, S Venezuela, Brazil)
-- M. surinamensis surinamensis (Colombia to French Guyana, Brazil - Amazon Basin,
Bolivia)
Micrurus tener** Texas coral snake
-- M. tener tener (the USA - SW Arkansas to S Texas, Mexico - N Coahuila, Nuevo
Le?n, Tamaulipas)
-- M. tener fitzingeri (the Mexican State of Guanajuato to the State of Morelos, probably
inc. Zacatecas)
-- M. tener maculatus (Mexico - the State of Tamaulipas)
-- M. tener microgalbineus (Mexico - S Tamaulipas to C Guanujato)
Micrurus tschudii** Desert coral snake
-- M. tschudii olssoni (SW Ecuador and NW Peru)
-- M. tschudii tschudii (the Pacific part of the Andes in Peru)
Genus: Naja, cobras
Naja anchietae*** Anchieta’s cobra (N Angola, S DRC, N and C Namibia, N Botswana,
W Zambia, NW Zimbabwe)
Naja annulifera*** Snouted cobra
-- N. annulifera anchietae see N. anchietae
-- N. annulifera annulifera (N Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, E Botswana)
Naja atra*** Chinese cobra (N China, Taiwan, Mainland Southeast Asia)
Naja haje*** Egyptian cobra
-- N. haje arabica (SW Saudi Arabia, Yemen, SW Oman)
-- N. haje legionis (SE Morocco, NW Western Sahara to N Algeria)
-- N. haje haje Egyptian cobra (C Tunisia, N Libya to Egypt, the southern edge of Sahara
to Ethiopia to the north, NE DRC, Uganda, Kenya)
Naja kaouthia*** Monocellate cobra (Bengal, Nepal, E Himalayas, SW China)
Naja katiensis*** Katian spitting cobra (W Africa)
Naja mandalayensis*** (Burma)
Naja melanoleuca*** Black and white cobra (African forests and savannahs)
Naja mossambica*** Mozambique spitting cobra (SE Tanzania, S Zambia, Malawi,
Mozambique to RSA, SE Angola)
Naja naja*** Indian cobra (E Pakistan, S Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, W Bangladesh)
Naja nigricollis*** Black-necked spitting cobra
-- N. nigricollis nigricincta (N Namibia and SW Angola)
-- N. nigricollis nigricollis (Senegal, S Mauritania to S Sudan, Ethiopia, Angola, Malawi)
-- N. nigricollis woodi (RSA, Namibia)
Naja nivea*** Cape cobra (RSA and SW Africa)
Naja nubiae*** Nubian spitting cobra (Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Eritrea)
Naja oxiana*** Central Asian cobra (the Southern Caucasus to Afghanistan and
Kashmir)
Naja pallida*** African cobra or red spitting cobra (N Egypt, NE Sudan, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, NE Tanzania)
Naja philippinensis*** Philippine cobra (the Philippines)
Naja sagittifera*** (Andaman)
Naja samarensis*** Peters’ cobra (the Philippines)
Naja siamensis*** Indochinese spitting cobra (E Burma, Thailand, W Laos, Cambodia, S
Vietnam)
Naja sputatrix*** Indonesian cobra (Malaysia; Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Komodo
and Sulawesi islands)
Naja sumatrana*** Equatorial spitting cobra or golden spitting cobra (N Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia to the Philippines)
Genus: Ophiophagus
Ophiophagus hannah*** King cobra (SE and S Asia)
Genus: Paranaja
Paranaja multifasciata** Many-banded snake
-- P. multifasciata anomala (E Cameroon)
-- P. multifasciata duttoni (DRC)
-- P. multifasciata multifasciata (N DRC and Congo-Brazzaville)
Genus: Pseudohaje
Pseudohaje goldii** African tree cobra, Gold’s forest cobra, Goldie’s false cobra, or tree
cobra (Africa from Nigeria as far as Uganda)
Pseudohaje nigra** Hoodless cobra (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Togo)
Genus: Walterinnesia
Walterinnesia aegyptia** Desert cobra (Egypt, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Jordan)
Terrestrial Species (Formerly: Oxyuraninae Subfamily)
Genus: Acanthophis, death adders
Acanthophis antarcticus*** Common death adder (Australia and New Guinea)
-- A. antarcticus antarcticus Common death adder
-- A. antarcticus cliffrosswelingtoni
-- A. antarcticus schistos
Acanthophis barnetti see A. laevis
Acanthophis crotalusei see A. laevis
Acanthophis cummingi see A. hawkei
Acanthophis groenveldi see A. laevis
Acanthophis hawkei*** (N Australia)
Acanthophis laevis*** (New Guinea, Indonesia - Seram and Tanimbar islands)
Acanthophis macgregori see A. laevis
Acanthophis praelongus*** Northern death adder (N Australia, New Guinea, Torres
Strait Islands, Seram Island and Tanimbar Islands to the west)
Acanthophis pyrrhus*** Desert death adder (C and W Australia)
Acanthophis rugosus*** (N Australia and Irian Jaya, Indonesia)
Acanthophis wellsi*** (Pilbara, Australia)
Genus: Aspidomorphus
Aspidomorphus diadema see Furina diadema
Aspidomorphus lineaticollis * Striped crown snake (NE Papua-New Guinea)
Aspidomorphus muelleri * M?ller’s crown snake (New Guinea as far as Misool, Salawati
and Seram islands to the west, and New Britain as well as New Ireland islands to the
east)
-- A. muelleri muelleri M?ller’s crown snake (New Guinea)
-- A. muelleri interruptus (New Britain, Duke of York and New Ireland islands)
Aspidomorphus schlegeli * Schlegel’s crown snake (E Indonesia and NW Papua-New
Guinea)
Genus: Austrelaps, copperheads or Australian copperheads
Austrelaps labialis** Pygmy copperhead (N Australia)
Austrelaps ramsayi** Highlands copperhead (Australian mountain ranges from E
Victoria as far as New South Wales)
Austrelaps superbus** Australian copperhead (SE Australia, Tasmania and Bass Straits
Islands)
Genus: Cacophis, dwarf-crowned snakes
Cacophis churchilli* (Australia)
Cacophis harriettae* White-crowned snake (Australia)
Cacophis krefftii* Krefft’s dwarf snake (Australia)
Cacophis squamulosus* (Australia)
Genus: Demansia
Demansia atra see D. vestigiata
Demansia calodera* Black-necked whipsnake (W Australia, S Papua-New Guinea)
Demansia olivacea** Marble-headed whip snake (N and NW Australia)
Demansia papuensis** Papuan whip snake
-- D. papuensis melanea (N Australia)
-- D. papuensis papuensis (SE Irian Jaya and NE Australia)
Demansia psammophis** Yellow-faced whip snake
-- D. psammophis cupreiceps (W Australia)
-- D. psammophis psammophis (SE to E Australia)
-- D. psammophis reticulata (coastal W Australia)
Demansia rufescens* (W Australia)
Demansia simplex* Grey whipsnake (W Australia)
Demansia torquata* Collared whip snake (Australia)
Demansia vestigiata** Black whip snake (N Indonesian New Guinea)
Demansia textilis see Pseudonaja textilis
Genus: Denisonia
Denisonia devisi** De Vis’s banded snake (Australia)
Denisonia maculata** Ornamental snake (Australia)
Denisonia superba see Austrelaps superbus
Denisonia gouldii see Suta gouldii
Genus: Drysdalia, crowned snakes
Drysdalia coronata see Elapognathus coronata
Drysdalia coronoides* White-lipped snake (SE Australia, Tasmania and Bass Straits
Islands)
Drysdalia mastersii* Masters’ snake (SE coast of W Australia, coastal S Australia)
Drysdalia rhodogaster* Mustard-bellied snake (Australia)
Genus: Echiopsis
Echopsis atriceps see Paroplocephalus atriceps
Echiopsis curta** Bardick snake (southern W Australia, coastal S Australia, SW New
South Wales, NW Victoria and the neighboring part of S Australia)
Genus: Elapognathus
Elapognathus coronata* Crowned snake (SW part of West Australia and the neighboring
islets)
Elapognathus minor* Short-nosed snake or little brown snake (SW Australia)
Genus: Furina
Furina barnardi* Yellow-naped snake (NW Australia)
Furina diadema* Red-naped snake (W Australia)
Furina dunmalli* Dunmall’s snake (W Australia)
Furina ornata* Orange-naped snake (Australia)
Furina tristis* Brown-headed or grey-naped snake (N and NE Australia, Papua-New
Guinea)
Genus: Glyphodon
Glyphodon tristis see Furina tristis
Glyphodon barnardi see Furina barnardi
Glyphodon harriettae see Cacophis harriettae
Genus: Hemiaspis
Hemiaspis damelii** Grey snake (inland SE Australia as far as the eastern coast)
Hemiaspis signata** Marsh snake, swamp snake, or black-bellied swamp snake (coastal
E Australia)
Genus: Hoplocephalus
Hoplocephalus bitorquatus** Pale-headed snake (Australia)
Hoplocephalus bungaroides** Broad-headed snake (Australia)
Hoplocephalus stephensii** Stephens’s banded snake (Australia)
Genus: Loveridgelaps
Loveridgelaps elapoides** Solomon’s small-eyed snake (the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Micropechis
Micropechis ikaheka*** New Guinea small-eyed or Ikaheka snake
-- M. ikaheka ikaheka (New Guinea and the neighboring islands)
-- M. ikaheka fasciatus (Aru Archipelago)
Genus: Notechis, tiger snakes
Notechis ater*** Black tiger snake
-- N. ater ater (SE part of S Australia)
-- N. ater humpreysi (Tasmania and the neighboring islands)
-- N. ater niger (Spencer Gulf islands)
-- N. ater occidentalis see N. scutatus occidentalis
-- N. ater serventyi (Chappel and Badger islands, Bass Strait islets)
Notechis scutatus*** Mainland tiger snake (SE Australia)
-- N. scutatus occidentalis (SW part of W Australia and the neighboring islets)
Genus: Ogmodon
Ogmodon vitianus* Fiji cobra (Fiji)
Genus: Oxyuranus, taipans
Oxyuranus microlepidotus*** Fierce snake or inland taipan (inland Australia, border of
Victoria and New South Wales)
Oxyuranus scutellatus*** Coastal taipan
-- O. scutellatus canni Papuan taipan (N coast of Papua-New Guinea)
-- O. scutellatus scutellatus Coastal taipan (N and NE Australia)
Genus: Parapistocalamus
Parapistocalamus hedigeri* Bougainville or Hediger’s coral snake (Bouganville Island,
the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Paroplocephalus
Paroplocephalus atriceps* Lake Cronin snake (SW coast of W Australia)
Genus: Pseudechis, black snakes
Pseudechis australis*** Mulga snake or king brown snake (Australia and New Guinea)
Pseudechis butleri** Spotted mulga snake (the middle-west part of W Australia)
Pseudechis colletti** Collett’s snake (NE Australia)
Pseudechis guttatus** Blue-bellied black snake (E Australia)
Pseudechis papuans** Papuan black snake (E New Guinea and neighboring islands)
Pseudechis pailsei (Validity of the species has been disputed.)
Pseudechis porphyriacus** Red-bellied black snake (E and SE Australia)
-- P. porphyriacus eipperi (Validity of the subspecies has been disputed.)
-- P. porphyriacus rentoni (Validity of the subspecies has been disputed.)
Genus: Pseudonaja, brown snakes
Pseudonaja affinis** Dugite or spotted brown snake
-- P. affinis affinis (coastal SW Australia)
-- P. affinis exilis (Rottnest Island)
-- P. affinis tanneri (Boxer’s Island)
Pseudonaja elliotti** (Australia - W part of New South Wales)
Pseudonaja guttata** Speckled brown snake or spotted brown snake (Australia)
Pseudonaja inframacula** Peninsula brown snake (N Australia)
Pseudonaja ingrami** Ingram’s brown snake (Australia, the Barkly Tableland region)
Pseudonaja modesta** Ringed brown snake (W Australia to the north of the Northern
Territory, inland S Australia, SW Queensland)
Pseudonaja nuchalis** Gwardar or western brown snake (W and S Australia, the
Northern Territory, W New South Wales, NW Victoria)
Pseudonaja textilis*** Eastern brown snake (NE Australia)
-- P. textilis pughi (ssp. described in 2003.)
Genus: Rhinoplocephalus
Rhinoplocephalus bicolor* Square-nosed snake (SW part of West Australia)
Rhinoplocephalus boschmai* syn. Unechis boschmai, U. carpentariae Carpentaria whip
snake (Australia and Indonesian part of New Guinea)
Rhinoplocephalus incredibilis* (Prince of Wales Island, Torres Straits)
Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens * Eastern small-eyed snake (E Australia)
Rhinoplocephalus nigrostriatus * Australian black-striped snake (Australia, S Papua-
New Guinea)
Rhinoplocephalus pallidiceps * Western Carpentaria snake (N Australia)
Genus: Salomonelaps
Salomonelaps par** Solomons coral snake (the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Simoselaps
Simoselaps anomalus * Northern desert banded snake (NW coast of W Australia to SW
Northern Territory and NW part of S Australia)
Simoselaps approximans * North-western shovel-nosed snake (NW Australia)
Simoselaps australis* Eastern shovel-nosed snake, coral snake, Australian coral snake (E
Australia)
Simoselaps bertholdi* Southern desert banded snake, desert banded snake (Australia)
Simoselaps bimaculatus* Black-naped burrowing snake (SW Australia to C S Australia)
Simoselaps calonotus* Black-striped burrowing snake (SW coast of Australia)
Simoselaps fasciolatus* Narrow-banded shovel-nosed snake
-- S. fasciolatus fasciatus (Central S Australia)
-- S. fasciolatus fasciolatus (SW Australia)
Simoselaps incinctus * Unbanded shovel-nosed snake (Australia)
Simoselaps littoralis * West-coast banded snake (C part of W coast of West Australia)
Simoselaps minimus * Dampierland burrowing snake (NW West Australia)
Simoselaps morrisi* (Australia - the Northern Territory)
Simoselaps roperi Northern shovel-nosed snake (W Australia to the Northern Territory)
Simoselaps semifasciatus*Southern shovel-nosed snake, half-girdled snake
-- S. semifasciatus campbelli (NE Queensland)
-- S. semifasciatus roperi
-- S. semifasciatus semifasciatus Southern shovel-nosed snake (SW and S Australia)
-- S. semifasciatus woodjonesii Cape York shovel-nosed snake (N Queensland)
Simoselaps warro* North-eastern plain-nosed (Australia)
Genus: Suta
Suta atriceps see Paroplocephalus atriceps
Suta dwyeri * Variable black-naped snake (Australia)
Suta fasciata* Rosen’s snake (W Australia)
Suta flagellum* Whip hooded snake (SE Australia)
Suta gouldii* Australian black-headed snake (SW West Australia)
Suta monachus* Hooded snake (Australia)
Suta nigriceps* G?nther’s black-headed snake (N West Australia to NW Victoria and
SW New South Wales)
Suta ordensis* Ord curl snake (NW Australia)
Suta punctata * Little spotted snake (NW West Australia to C Australia and W C
Queensland)
Suta spectabilis* Spectacled hooded snake
-- S. spectabilis bushi (a type locality - Scaddan in W Australia)
-- S. spectabilis nullarbor (Australia - Nullarbor Plain)
-- S. spectabilis spectabilis Spectacled hooded snake (SE Australia)
Suta suta* Curl snake (C and E Australia)
Genus: Toxicocalamus
Toxicocalamus buergersi* Buerger’s forest snake (N Papua-New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus grandis* Setekwa River forest snake (a type locality - River Setekwa,
Indonesian New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus holopelturus* Mt Rossel forest snake (Mt Rossel, Rossel Island)
Toxicocalamus longissimus* Woodlark or Fergusson Island forest snake (Woodlark and
Ferguson islands)
Toxicocalamus loriae* (New Guinea and Papua-New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus misimae* Misima Island forest snake (Misima Island near Papua-New
Guinea)
Toxicocalamus preussi* Preuss’s Sepik forest snake (N New Guinea)
-- T. preussi angusticinctus
-- T. preussi preussi Preuss’s forest snake
Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus* (a type locality - Papua-New Guinea, only two
individuals)
Toxicocalamus stanleyanus* (Indonesia)
Genus: Tropidechis
Tropidechis carinatus** Rough-scaled snake or Clarence River snake (coastal zones, NE
and E Australia)
Tropidechis sadlieri** (Australia - N Queensland)
Genus: Unechis see Rhinoplocephalus
Genus: Vermicella
Vermicella annulata* Eastern bandy bandy
-- V. annnulata annulata (Australia except NE and SE territories)
-- V. annulata snelli see V. snelli
Vermicella intermedia*
Vermicella snelli* (W Australia, Pilbara to S Northern Territory)
Vermicella multifasciata* Northern bandy bandy (N W Australia to Northern Territory)
Vermicella vermiformis*
7.3.2.2. Aquatic Species: True Sea Snakes and Sea Kraits
(formerly: Hydrophiidae family, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae subfamilies)
Genus: Acalyptophis
Acalyptophis peronii** Spiny-headed seasnake (the sea territories between China,
Taiwan and Australia)
Genus: Aipysurus
Aipysurus apraefrontalis** Short-nosed seasnake (Australian and Indonesian seas)
Aipysurus duboisii** Reef shallows seasnake (Melanesian, Australian and New Guinea
sea)
Aipysurus eydouxii** Spine-tailed seasnake (Thailand, Indonesian and N Australia sea)
Aipysurus foliosquama** Leaf-scaled seasnake (Indonesian and Australian sea)
Aipysurus fuscus** Timor reef snake (Sulawesi and Timor sea)
Aipysurus laevis** Olive-brown seasnake
-- A. laevis laevis (New Guinea, Australia, Melanesia)
-- A. laevis pooleorum see A. pooleorum
Aipysurus pooleorum** (coastal W Australia)
Aipysurus tenuis** (coastal NW Australia)
Genus: Astrotia
Astrotia stokesi*** Stoke’s seasnake (E Pacific Ocean and N Australia)
Genus: Disteira
Disteira kingii** Spectacled or king’s seasnake (V, N and W coast of Australia)
Disteira major** see Hydrophis Olive-headed or greater seasnake (V, S and W coast of
Australia)
Disteira nigrocincta** (the sea along E India and around Sri Lanka)
Disteira walli** Wall’s sea snake (Malayan Archipelago sea)
Genus: Emydocephalus
Emydocephalus annulatus** Turtle-headed seasnake, egg-eating sea snake (W Pacific
Ocean to N coast of Australia)
Emydocephalus ijimae** Turtlehead sea snake (S Chinese, Taiwan and Japanese sea)
Genus: Enhydrina, seasnakes
Enhydrina schistosa*** Common or beaked seasnake (the Indian Ocean, the sea territory
between E India and N Australia)
Enhydrina zweifeli*** Sepik or Zweifel’s beaked seasnake (New Guinea)
Genus: Ephalophis
Ephalophis greyi (greyae)** North-western mangrove seasnake (coastal W Australia)
Genus: Hydrelaps
Hydrelaps darwiniensis** Port Darwin seasnake (the sea territory between N Australia
and S New Guinea)
Genus: Hydrophis, seasnakes
Hydrophis atriceps** Black-headed seasnake (the Burmese sea to Thailand, Java, New
Guinea, Australia and the Philippines)
Hydrophis belcheri** Faint-banded seasnake (Thailand, Indonesian and New Guinea sea)
Hydrophis bituberculatus** Peters’ sea snake (Sri Lanka and Thailand sea)
Hydrophis brookei (brookii)** (Malaysian, Thailand, Vietnamese and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis caerulescens** syn. Polyodontognathus caerulescens Dark blue-banded sea
snake (S and SE Asia and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis cantoris** syn. Microcephalophis cantoris (the seas of Pakistan, India, Sri
Lanka, Burma, Thailand, and Malaysia)
Hydrophis coggeri** Slender-necked seasnake (Oceania)
Hydrophis cyanocinctus** Asian annulated sea snake (the southern coast of Asia as far as
Japan)
Hydrophis czeblukovi** Fine-spined seasnake (Arafura Sea)
Hydrophis elegans** Elegant or bar-bellied seasnake (E, S, W coast of Australia)
Hydrophis fasciatus** Striped sea snake (the Indian Ocean to the northern coast of
Australia)
Hydrophis geometricus** (N coast of W Australia)
Hydrophis gracilis** syn. Microcephalophis gracilis (the coast of the Indian Ocean from
the Gulf of Persia as far as Australia and Melanesia)
Hydrophis inornatus** Plain seasnake (Indonesian, Philippines and Australian sea)
Hydrophis klossi** Kloss’ sea snake (Thailand, Malaysian and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis laboutei** (New Caledonian sea)
Hydrophis lamberti** Lambert’s sea snake (Thailand, Singapore and Philippine sea)
Hydrophis lapemoides** Persian Gulf sea snake (the coast of the Indian Ocean from the
Gulf of Persia as far as Malaysia)
Hydrophis major see Disteira major
Hydrophis mamillaris** Bombay sea snake (coastal Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka)
Hydrophis macdowelli** Small-headed Or McDowell’s seasnake (N coast of Australia)
Hydrophis melanocaphalus** Slender-necked seasnake (waters of SE Asia, from
Australia as far as S Japan)
Hydrophis melanosoma** Black-banded or robust seasnake (Malaysian, Indonesian and
Australian sea)
Hydrophis obscurus** Russel’s sea snake (coastal E India, Sri Lanka and Burma)
Hydrophis ornatus ssp.** Ornate reef seasnake (the Indian Ocean, W Pacific Ocean)
Hydrophis pacificus** Pacific seasnake (Australia and New Guinea)
Hydrophis parviceps** (the South China Sea and coastal Vietnam)
Hydrophis semperi** Lake Taal snake (the Lake Taal, Luzon, the Philippines)
Hydrophis sibauensis** (Sibau River, W Borneo, Indonesia)
Hydrophis spiralis** Yellow sea snake (the Indian Ocean, the waters of archipelagos
between E India and N Australia)
Hydrophis stricticollis** Collared sea snake (coastal E India, Sri Lanka, Burma)
Hydrophis torquatus ssp.** West Coast black-headed sea snake (the South China Sea to
the waters near Borneo and Sumatra)
Hydrophis vorisi** Estuarine seasnake (New Guinea)
Genus: Kerilia
Kerilia jerdonii ssp.** Jerdon’s sea snake (Indian, Sri Lankan and Borneo seas)
Genus: Kolpophis
Kolpophis annandalei** Bighead sea snake (the South China Sea from Thailand as far as
Indonesia)
Genus: Lapemis
Lapemis curtus** Shaw’s sea snake (the Indian Ocean)
Lapemis hardwickii** Hardwicke’s spine-bellied seasnake (the sea territory from E India
to Australia)
Genus: Laticauda, Sea kraits
Laticauda colubrina** Colubrine or yellow-lipped sea krait (the sea territory between E
India, Japan and Australia)
Laticauda crockeri** Crocker’s sea snake (the Lake Te Nggano, Rennell Island - the
Solomon Islands)
Laticauda laticaudata** Common or blue-lipped sea krait (the sea territory between E
India, Japan, Australia and Polynesia)
-- L. laticaudata affinis
-- L. laticaudata wolffi
Laticauda schistorhynchus** (New Guinea, Melanesian and Polynesian seas)
Laticauda semifasciata** (Philippine, Chinese, Taiwan and Japanese seas)
Genus: Microcephalophis
Microcephalophis gracilis see Hydrophis gracilis
Microcephalophis cantoris see Hydrophis cantoris
Genus: Parahydrophis
Parahydrophis mertoni** Arafura smooth or northern mangrove seasnake (Indonesian,
New Guinea and Australian seas)
Genus: Pelamis
Pelamis platurus** Yellowbelly sea snake or pelagic sea snake (tropical zones of the
Indian and Pacific Ocean)
Genus: Polyodontognathus
Polyodontognathus caerulescens see Hydrophis caerulescens
Genus: Praescutata
Praescutata viperina see Thalassophina viperina
Genus: Thalassophis
Thalassophis anomalus** Anomalous sea snake (the Gulf of Siam and Indonesian seas)
Genus: Thalassophina
Thalassophina viperina** Schmidt’s sea snake (the Indian Ocean: the Persian Gulf to the
South China Sea)
10 MOST VENOMOUS SNAKES ON EARTH
15 MOST VENOMOUS SNAKES IN THE WORLD
TOP 10 DEADLIEST SNAKES IN THE WORLD
TOP 10 MOST DANGEROUS CREATURES IN THE WORLD
TOP 10 MOST VENOMOUS ANIMALS ON EARTH
10 MOST VENOMOUS SNAKES ON EARTH
7 MOST VENOMOUS SNAKES IN THE EARTH
TOP 5 MOST VENOMOUS SPIDERS IN THE WORLD
TOP 10 DEADLIEST SNAKES NOT TO MESS WITH
10 MOST DANGEROUS VENOMOUS SNAKE IN THE WORLD
